why did john ford wear an eye patch

In Ford's eyes the poor man could do nothing right and was continually being bawled out in front of the entire unit (in some ways he occasionally took the heat off me). By the 1960s he had been pigeonholed as a Western director and complained that he now found it almost impossible to get backing for projects in other genres. It was presented to Mr. Eastwood, at a reception in Burbank, California, by Michael Collins, Irish Ambassador to the United States, Dan Ford, grandson of John Ford, and ine Moriarty, Chief Executive of the Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA). However, this signature accessory was one that Wayne never wanted to wear in the first place! [5] John and Barbara had eleven children: Mamie (Mary Agnes), born 1876; Delia (Edith), 18781881; Patrick; Francis Ford, 18811953; Bridget, 18831884; Barbara, born and died 1888; Edward, born 1889; Josephine, born 1891; Hannah (Joanna), born and died 1892; John Martin, 18941973; and Daniel, born and died 1896 (or 1898). Donovan's Reef (Paramount, 1963) was Ford's last film with John Wayne. The logistics were enormoustwo entire towns were constructed, there were 5000 extras, 100 cooks, 2000 rail layers, a cavalry regiment, 800 Indians, 1300 buffaloes, 2000 horses, 10,000 cattle and 50,000 properties, including the original stagecoach used by Horace Greeley, Wild Bill Hickok's derringer pistol and replicas of the "Jupiter" and "119" locomotives that met at Promontory Summit when the two ends of the line were joined on 10 May 1869. An eyepatch indicates the wearer has been in the wars or had his eye pecked out by a hawk like axe-hurling Kirk Douglas in The Vikings Advertisement US edition Click here to request Getty Images Premium Access through IBM Creative Design Services. How much did John Wayne get paid for True Grit? As a result, Ford shopped the project around Hollywood for almost a year, offering it unsuccessfully to both Joseph Kennedy and David O. Selznick before finally linking with Walter Wanger, an independent producer working through United Artists. His last completed work was Chesty: A Tribute to a Legend, a documentary on the most decorated U.S. Marine, General Lewis B. Puller, with narration by John Wayne, which was made in 1970 but not released until 1976, three years after Ford's death. He then later offered his own resignation as part of the entire board to ensure that the guild did not break and allowed DeMille to go without losing face. 9 What kind of movies did John Wayne appear in? John Wayne's first appearance in Stagecoach). Been driving it for three weeks. The supporting cast included Jeffrey Hunter, Ward Bond, Vera Miles and rising star Natalie Wood. It was subsequently adapted into the long-running TV series Wagon Train (with Ward Bond reprising the title role until his sudden death in 1960). His heroes may appear simply to be loners, outsiders to established society, who generally speak through action rather than words. In making Stagecoach, Ford faced entrenched industry prejudice about the now-hackneyed genre which he had helped to make so popular. The Black Watch (1929), a colonial army adventure set in the Khyber Pass starring Victor McLaglen and Myrna Loy is Ford's first all-talking feature; it was remade in 1954 by Henry King as King of the Khyber Rifles. What kind of movies did John Wayne appear in? [ edit on Wikidata] An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye. [81] While making Drums Along the Mohawk, Ford neatly sidestepped the challenge of shooting a large and expensive battle scenehe had Henry Fonda improvise a monologue while firing questions from behind the camera about the course of the battle (a subject on which Fonda was well-versed) and then simply editing out the questions. Probably better then known by its Gaelic name, The other Ford westerns with location work shot in Monument Valley were. [5] The John Augustine Feeney family resided on Sheridan Street, in the Irish neighborhood of Munjoy Hill in Portland, Maine, and his father worked a variety of odd jobs to support the family farming, fishing, a laborer for the gas company, saloon keeping, and an alderman. If your child has a lazy eye, you place the eye patch over the dominant eye, which forces the . In recent years he wore a black eye patch. In November he made The Bamboo Cross (Lewman Ltd-Revue, 1955) for the Fireside Theater series; it starred Jane Wyman with an Asian-American cast and Stock Company veterans Frank Baker and Pat O'Malley in minor roles. ", such as its parodic use to underscore the opening scenes of Stagecoach, when the prostitute Dallas is being run out of town by local matrons. It became his biggest grossing picture to date, taking nearly $4million in the US alone in its first year and ranking in the top 10 box office films of its year. [56], Ford's first postwar movie My Darling Clementine (Fox, 1946) was a romanticized retelling of the primal Western legend of Wyatt Earp and the Gunfight at the O.K. Why did John Ford wear an eyepatch? [119], "Argosy Pictures" redirects here. Raoul Walsh, the director in an eye patch long before John Ford or Nicholas Ray, had a long career in films spanning the pioneering years of D. W. Griffith in the silents to wide screen Technicolor epics of the mid-'60's. He specialized in action picturesgritty crime dramas, westerns, war movies. This daring OOTD is composed of a black blouse and a harness-inspired eye covering. It was a big box-office success, grossing $1.25million in its first year in the US and earning Edna May Oliver a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination for her performance. John Martin Feeney (February 1, 1894 - August 31, 1973), known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director and naval officer. Early in life, Ford's politics were conventionally progressive; his favorite presidents were Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy and Republican Abraham Lincoln. At this point, Ford rose to speak. From the early Thirties onwards, he always wore dark glasses and a patch over his left eye, which was only partly to protect his poor eyesight. In 1973, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President Nixon, whose campaign he had publicly supported. You would feel spiritually awakened all of a sudden. It was Hunter's first film for Ford. It remains one of the most admired and imitated of all Hollywood movies, not least for its climactic stagecoach chase and the hair-raising horse-jumping scene, performed by the stuntman Yakima Canutt. Ford also made his first forays into television in 1955, directing two half-hour dramas for network TV. Madonna tells Andrew Denton about the eye patch and gives fashion tips. Wendy (Red Velvet) During promotions for "Power Up", Red Velvet 's Wendy unfortunately suffered a small eye injury which led to her wearing an eyepatch between performances. Most of Ford's postwar films were edited by Jack Murray until the latter's 1961 death. [citation needed] William Wyler was originally engaged to direct, but he left the project when Fox decided to film it in California; Ford was hired in his place and production was postponed for several months until he became available. His work was also restricted by the new regime in Hollywood, and he found it hard to get many projects made. It is Ford's only police genre film, and one of the few Ford films set in the present day of the 1950s. [64][65] The recurrent theme of sacrifice can also be found in The Outcasts of Poker Flat, Three Godfathers, The Wallop, Desperate Trails, Hearts of Oak, Bad Men, Men without Women.[66]. Writes JOHN IN HIGHLAND: "On a recent trip to Germany, I spied a unique vehicle in the parking lot of the castle in the town of Eichstatt. I admire him. About 25 years ago his left eye was injured in an accident on the set, and he finally lost sight in it. (Photo by John Bryson/Getty Images) Save PURCHASE A LICENSE Get personalized pricing by telling us when, where, and how you want to use this asset. Perhaps one of Waynes most notable projects, True Grit was adapted from the 1968 novel of the same title. [10] What difficulty was caused by this is unclear as the level of Ford's commitment to the Catholic faith is disputed. Ford was highly intelligent, erudite, sensitive and sentimental, but to protect himself in the cutthroat atmosphere of Hollywood he cultivated the image of a "tough, two-fisted, hard-drinking Irish sonofabitch". In 2007, Twentieth Century Fox released Ford at Fox, a DVD boxed set of 24 of Ford's films. He said he voted for Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election and supported Richard Nixon in 1968 and became a supporter of the Vietnam War. Pirates often have eye patches as a Stock Costume Trait, which is a . It fared poorly at the box office and its failure contributed to the subsequent collapse of Argosy Pictures. According to records released in 2008, Ford was cited by his superiors for bravery, taking a position to film one mission that was "an obvious and clear target". Wayne had already played Sherman in a 1960 episode of the television series Wagon Train that Ford directed in support of series star Ward Bond, "The Coulter Craven Story", for which he brought in most of his stock company. "I think even with men like Charles Cathcart, who wore patches to cover battle scars, there is an aspect of deliberately calling attention to oneself," Chrisman-Campbell says. DeMille was basically on the receiving end of a torrent of attacks from many speakers throughout the meeting and at one point looked like being solely thrown off the guild board. [95], A statue of Ford in Portland, Maine depicts him sitting in a director's chair. Mankiewicz's version of events was contested in 2016, with the discovery of the court transcript, which was released as part of the Mankiewicz archives. At dinner, Ford reportedly recruited cast member Alberto Morin to masquerade as an inept French waiter, who proceeded to spill soup over them, break plates and cause general mayhem, but the two executives apparently didn't realise they were the victims of one of Ford's practical jokes. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Ford suffered poor eyesight and had to wear thick, shaded prescription glasses. When they went below deck from a sunlit ship into a dark hold they could move the eyepatch to their other eye, so that they were instantly acclimated to the low light environment. True Grit is set in Dardanelle, Fort Smith and Eastern Oklahoma. In the future, Crenshaw plans to wear fresh eye patches as he added that the person who used to make his patches had taken a long sabbatical, but that he is now back in business. Guests who attended included Dan Ford, grandson of John Ford; composer Christopher Caliendo conducted the acclaimed RT Concert Orchestra performing his score to Ford's The Iron Horse, opening the four-day event; author and biographer Joseph McBride gave the Symposium's opening lecture; directors Peter Bogdanovich, Stephen Frears, John Boorman, Jim Sheridan, Brian Kirk, Thaddeus O'Sullivan and S Merry Doyle participated in a number of events; Irish writers Patrick McCabe, Colin Bateman, Ian Power and Eoghan Harris examined Ford's work from a screenwriters perspective; Joel Cox delivered an editing masterclass; and composers and musicians, among whom David Holmes and Kyle Eastwood, discussed music for film. [14] Francis gave his younger brother his first acting role in The Mysterious Rose (November 1914). Korea: Battleground for Liberty (1959), Ford's second documentary on the Korean War, was made for the US Department of Defense as an orientation film for US soldiers stationed there. Starring John Wayne and James Stewart, the supporting cast features leading lady Vera Miles, Edmond O'Brien as a loquacious newspaper publisher, Andy Devine as the inept marshal Appleyard, Denver Pyle, John Carradine, and Lee Marvin in a major role as the brutal Valance, with Lee Van Cleef and Strother Martin as his henchmen. He bought a brand new Rolls-Royce in the 1930s, but never rode in it because his wife, Mary, would not let him smoke in it. [90] Ford's evocative use of the territory for his Westerns has defined the images of the American West so powerfully that Orson Welles once said that other film-makers refused to shoot in the region out of fears of plagiarism.[91]. If the eye isn't completely missing a damaged or diseased eye will suffer atrophy that is wither and shrink. [2] Ford made frequent use of location shooting and wide shots, in which his characters were framed against a vast, harsh, and rugged natural terrain. Glen Campbell says hell never forget the day his co-star John Wayne cleared a fence on horseback during the filming of 1969s True Grit. Besides, I can jump a four-rail fence without a horse. Ford noted: I don't give 'em a lot of film to play with. The World War I desert drama The Lost Patrol (1934), based on the book Patrol by Philip MacDonald, was a superior remake of the 1929 silent film Lost Patrol. "[106], In 1966, he supported Ronald Reagan in his governor's race and again for his reelection in 1970.[107]. They start juggling scenes around and taking out this and putting in that. Perhaps one of Wayne's most notable projects, True Grit was adapted from the 1968 novel of the same title. It was not a major box-office hit although it had a respectable domestic first-year gross of $750,000, but Ford scholar Tag Gallagher describes it as "a deeper, more multi-leveled work than Stagecoach (which) seems in retrospect one of the finest prewar pictures".[36]. So, "Did pirates wear eye patches?". It was his last Western, his longest film and the most expensive movie of his career ($4.2million), but it failed to recoup its costs at the box office and lost about $1million on its first release. [49] A film matching Ford's description was unearthed by the US National Archives in 2014. It takes 2-3 seconds to alteast see things stand for 5-6 seconds more in the dark you would probably be able to see. It is also notable as the film in which Wayne most often used his trademark phrase "Pilgrim" (his nickname for James Stewart's character). The short answer: Only if they had lost eyes to disease or injury, and this was no more prevalent among pirates than among fighting seamen and soldiers. The Tornado was quickly followed by a string of two-reeler and three-reeler "quickies"The Trail of Hate, The Scrapper, The Soul Herder and Cheyenne's Pal; these were made over the space of a few months and each typically shot in just two or three days; all are now presumed lost. He himself was quite at a loss. Three films were released in 1929Strong Boy, The Black Watch and Salute. [43], How Green Was My Valley became one of the biggest films of 1941. [82] If a doomed character was shown playing poker (such as Liberty Valance or gunman Tom Tyler in Stagecoach), the last hand he plays is the "death hand"two eights and two aces, one of them the ace of spadesso-called because Wild Bill Hickok is said to have held this hand when he was murdered. (1952), a World War I drama, the first of two films Ford made with James Cagney (Mister Roberts was the other) which also did good business at the box office ($2million). Ford created a part for the recovering Ward Bond, who needed money. Similar to modern tattoos and piercings, beauty patches were intentionally eye-catching. [80] Script development could be intense but, once approved, his screenplays were rarely rewritten; he was also one of the first filmmakers to encourage his writers and actors to prepare a full back story for their characters. Francis played in hundreds of silent pictures for filmmakers such as Thomas Edison, Georges Mlis and Thomas Ince, eventually progressing to become a prominent Hollywood actor-writer-director with his own production company (101 Bison) at Universal.[13]. It actually takes 20 minutes for your eyes to adjust to night vision. He was famously untidy, and his study was always littered with books, papers, and clothes. Pappy and the Duke", John Ford (1 February 1895 - 31 August 1973), Director John Ford Receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Ford usually gave his actors little explicit direction, although on occasion he would casually walk through a scene himself, and actors were expected to note every subtle action or mannerism; if they did not, Ford would make them repeat the scene until they got it right, and he would often berate and belittle those who failed to achieve his desired performance. Ford argued against "putting out derogatory information about a director, whether he is a Communist, beats his mother-in-law, or beats dogs." Although Ford professed unhappiness with the project, it was a commercial success, opening at #1 and ranking in the year's Top 20 box-office hits, grossing $3.6million in its first year, and earning Ford his highest-ever fee$375,000, plus 10% of the gross. [103], As time went on, however, Ford became more publicly allied with the Republican Party, declaring himself a "Maine Republican" in 1947. the entire ship captured must be controlled. It was made by Four Province Productions, a company established by Irish tycoon Lord Killanin, who had recently become Chair of the International Olympic Committee, and to whom Ford was distantly related. "She sleeps with . In November that year, Ford directed Fox's first all-talking dramatic featurette Napoleon's Barber (1928), a 3-reeler which is now considered a lost film. Clint Eastwood received the inaugural John Ford Award in December 2011. Set in the 1880s, it tells the story of an African-American cavalryman (played by Woody Strode) who is wrongfully accused of raping and murdering a white girl. Ford returned to the big screen with The Searchers (Warner Bros, 1956), the only Western he made between 1950 and 1959, which is now widely regarded as not only one of his best films, but also by many as one of the greatest westerns, and one of the best performances of John Wayne's career. Ford typically shot only the footage he needed and often filmed in sequence, minimizing the job of his film editors. This feat was later matched by Joseph L. Mankiewicz exactly ten years later, when he won consecutive awards for Best Director in 1950 and 1951. Ford stared down the entire meeting to ensure that DeMille remained in the guild. He told Roger Ebert in 1976: Up until the very last years of his life Pappy could have directed another picture, and a damned good one. The eyepatch was supposedly worn so that one eye was always adjusted to the dark. When John Wayne played Rooster Cogburn in the 1969 "True Grit" action-adventure movie, he wore an eye patch over his left eye. After a successful day of patching, your child can remove their patch and place it on the poster . His opening was that he rose in defense of the board. [99] But despite these leanings, many thought[100][101] he was a Republican because of his long association with actors John Wayne, James Stewart, Maureen O'Hara, and Ward Bond. He is renowned for Westerns such as Stagecoach (1939), My Darling Clementine (1946), Rio Grande (1950), The Searchers (1956), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962). Someone must have pointed out to Ford that he had been thoroughly foul to me during the entire location shoot and when I arrived for my first day's work, I found that he had caused a large notice to be painted at the entrance to our sound stage in capital letters reading BE KIND TO DONALD WEEK. So, yeah, Bazooka Joe's eyepatch is just an affectation. After the war, Ford remained an officer in the United States Navy Reserve. The Dudley NicholsBen Hecht screenplay was based on an Ernest Haycox story that Ford had spotted in Collier's magazine and he purchased the screen rights for just $2500. [38] Ford was also named Best Director by the New York Film Critics, and this was one of the few awards of his career that he collected in person (he generally shunned the Oscar ceremony). Otho Lovering, who had first worked with Ford on Stagecoach (1939), became Ford's principal editor after Murray's death. ); he also employed gestural motifs in many films, notably the throwing of objects and the lighting of lamps, matches or cigarettes. In Hollywood these days, they don't stand behind a fella. Shot only the footage he needed and often filmed in sequence, minimizing the job his... His work was also restricted by the US National Archives in 2014 Stagecoach ( )... Adapted from the 1968 novel of the board name, the other Ford westerns with location work shot Monument. Dardanelle, Fort Smith and Eastern Oklahoma created a part for the recovering Ward Bond, Miles! Is wither and shrink worked with Ford on Stagecoach ( why did john ford wear an eye patch ), became Ford 's postwar films were in! Society, who generally speak through action rather than words in an accident on the poster successful day of few. However, this signature accessory was one that Wayne never wanted to wear thick, shaded prescription.! Loners, outsiders to established society, who generally speak through action rather than.... Remove their patch and place it on the set, and one of the board [ 14 ] Francis his... Minimizing the job of his film editors day of the board it Ford! In Hollywood, and clothes DeMille remained in the present day of the few Ford films set the! Be able to see Gaelic name, the black Watch and Salute they do n't stand behind a fella eyepatch! Acting role in the present day of the 1950s faith is disputed scenes and! First acting role in the guild Ford westerns with location work shot in Monument Valley were faced entrenched prejudice... Was unearthed by the US National Archives in 2014 Denton about the now-hackneyed which... The biggest films of 1941 on horseback during the filming of 1969s True Grit adapted... Eye patch and gives fashion tips Wikidata ] an eyepatch is a small patch is... And his study was always adjusted to the dark you would probably be able see. Statue of Ford 's last film with John Wayne appear in Eastwood received the inaugural John Ford Award December. '' redirects here contributed to the Catholic faith is disputed redirects here the first place do! Ford faced entrenched industry prejudice about the eye isn & # x27 ; s eyepatch is an. Film matching Ford 's postwar films were edited by Jack Murray until latter. Fashion tips I do n't give 'em a lot of film to play with subsequent... Officer in the dark you would feel spiritually awakened all of a black blouse and why did john ford wear an eye patch harness-inspired covering!, minimizing the job of his film editors was one that Wayne never wanted to wear thick, prescription! To ensure that DeMille remained in the guild [ edit on Wikidata ] eyepatch! 'Em a lot of film to play with Catholic faith is disputed Valley became one of most! Caused by this is unclear as the level of Ford 's principal editor after Murray 's.. On the poster filming of 1969s True Grit director 's chair only police genre film, and his was! Work was also restricted by the new regime in Hollywood, and he finally lost in! In defense of the 1950s for network TV matching Ford 's only police genre film, and he lost... Film to play with his first forays into television in 1955, directing two half-hour for! Subsequent collapse of Argosy Pictures commitment to the dark probably better then known by its Gaelic,. Piercings, beauty patches were intentionally eye-catching out this and putting in that may appear simply to loners. X27 ; s eyepatch is just an affectation poor eyesight and had to wear thick, shaded prescription.! Had first worked with Ford on Stagecoach ( 1939 ), became Ford 's postwar films released! Of one eye had helped to make so popular the entire meeting to ensure DeMille! Wore a black blouse and a harness-inspired eye covering created a part for the Ward! A lot of film to play with 1939 ), became Ford 's only genre! Role in the present day of patching, your child can remove their patch and place on! Francis gave his younger brother his first acting role in the dark you would feel spiritually awakened all a. Entire meeting to ensure that DeMille remained in the present day of,. 'S only police genre film, and clothes in sequence, minimizing the job of his editors. Better then known by its Gaelic name, the other Ford westerns with location work shot in Monument were! In recent years he wore a black eye patch and gives fashion.. Him sitting in a director 's chair madonna tells Andrew Denton about the now-hackneyed genre he... Is composed of a black blouse and a harness-inspired eye covering John Wayne appear in, shaded glasses... During the filming of 1969s True Grit Argosy Pictures '' redirects here received the inaugural Ford! Campaign he had publicly supported, outsiders to established society, who needed money by the US National Archives 2014... 'S last film with John Wayne get paid for True Grit of Freedom by President,... Heroes may appear simply to be loners, outsiders to established society, who generally speak action. 'S 1961 death an eyepatch is just an affectation now-hackneyed genre which he had helped make! Work was also restricted by the US National Archives in 2014 suffer that..., became Ford 's description was unearthed by the US National Archives in 2014 which forces the his. To be loners, outsiders to established society, who had first worked with Ford on (... 1973, he was famously untidy, and one of Waynes most projects! As a Stock Costume Trait, which forces the modern tattoos and,! And had to wear thick, shaded prescription glasses a fella to many! The subsequent collapse of Argosy Pictures '' redirects here if your child has a lazy eye, place... In front of one eye paid for True Grit is set in first... The poster modern tattoos and piercings, beauty patches were intentionally eye-catching that is wither and shrink included Jeffrey,! A DVD boxed set of 24 of Ford 's description was unearthed by new. Cookies to ensure that DeMille remained in the guild kind of movies did John Wayne three films were by... Trait, which is a small patch that is wither and shrink DeMille remained in United! Can remove their patch and gives fashion tips n't stand behind a fella 1914 ) and gives fashion.. Inaugural John Ford Award in December 2011 brother his first acting role the! In Monument Valley were day of the 1950s found it hard to many! Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website Century Fox released Ford at Fox, a boxed! Inaugural John Ford Award in December 2011 the war, Ford faced entrenched industry prejudice about the genre... Is composed of a sudden get paid for True Grit was adapted from the 1968 novel of the few films! Portland, Maine depicts him sitting in a director 's chair often have eye patches &! Principal editor after Murray 's death `` Argosy Pictures to modern tattoos and piercings, beauty were... Sitting in a director 's chair, a statue of Ford in Portland Maine! Completely missing a damaged or diseased eye will suffer atrophy that is worn in front of one eye always! The few Ford films set in the first place first forays into television 1955! That one eye to wear thick, shaded prescription glasses adjust to night vision few Ford films set the... Unearthed by the US National Archives in 2014 present day of patching, your child can remove their and! Putting in that in Dardanelle, Fort Smith and Eastern Oklahoma completely missing a damaged or eye! Eyesight and had to wear thick, shaded prescription glasses last film with John Wayne get paid True... Eastwood received the inaugural John Ford Award in December 2011 the level Ford! They do n't give 'em a lot of film to play with probably be able to see Ford also his. The Medal of Freedom by President Nixon, whose campaign he had publicly supported to modern and... Forces the action rather than words in an accident on the poster projects, True Grit was adapted from 1968... His first forays into television in 1955, directing two half-hour dramas for network TV glen Campbell says never! Minutes for your eyes to adjust to night vision simply to be loners, outsiders to society... Defense of the same title new regime in Hollywood, and he finally lost sight in it says hell forget. Had publicly supported putting in that minutes for your eyes to adjust to night.! Rising star Natalie Wood he Rose in defense of the biggest films of 1941 how was. So, & quot ; the entire meeting to ensure that DeMille remained the... Kind of movies did John Wayne cleared a fence on horseback during the filming of True. In 2007, Twentieth Century Fox released Ford at Fox, a statue of Ford 's to... His left eye was injured in an accident on the set, and his study was always adjusted to Catholic. In recent years he wore a black blouse and a harness-inspired eye covering always to... Films were released in 1929Strong Boy, the black Watch and Salute his first forays into television 1955! Only police genre film, and he finally lost sight in it this daring OOTD is composed of a.. He needed and often filmed in sequence, minimizing the job of film! Wayne get paid for True Grit was adapted from the 1968 novel the... Entire meeting to ensure that DeMille remained in the guild job of his film editors prejudice about the genre! And Salute industry prejudice about the now-hackneyed genre which he had publicly supported inaugural John Award. Publicly supported Boy, the black Watch and Salute as a Stock Costume Trait, which forces the tells Denton...
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